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TEM analysis is most commonly used for biological material.

Electrons need to penetrate through the sample, so the transmitted electron signal can be collected for imaging, meaning sample thickness is limited (e.g. 50 to 250 nm for biological samples). Sample preparation techniques can be found at Sample preparation at ¾«Æ·ÎÞÂë¹ú²ú×Ô²ú Electron Microscopy Centre (PEMC) .